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項目管理中，計量benift的observable，measurable，quantifiable，financial，有什么區(qū)別？
1、Financial: A financial benefit can be confidently allocated in advance of the project. Thus if the investment will save $90,000 per year in staff costs then this is a financial benefit.如果這項投資每年將節(jié)省9萬美元的員工成本，那么這就是一項經(jīng)濟效益。
2、Quantifiable: A quantifiable benefit is a benefit where there is sufficient credible evidence to suggest, in advance, how much benefit will result from the project. This benefit may be financial or non-financial. For example, energy savings from a new building might be credibly predicted in advance. However, the exact amount of savings cannot be accurately forecast. 可量化的效益是指有足夠可信的證據(jù)預先表明該項目將產(chǎn)生多少效益的效益。這種好處可能是經(jīng)濟上的，也可能是非經(jīng)濟上的。例如，新建筑的節(jié)能可能會提前得到可靠的預測。但是，無法準確預測節(jié)省的確切數(shù)額。
3、Measurable benefit: A measurable benefit is a benefit which can only be confidently assessed post-implementation, and so cannot be reliably predicted in advance. Increase in sales from a particular initiative is an example of a measurable benefit. Measurable benefits may either be financial or non-financial. 可衡量的效益是只有在實施后才能確定地評估的效益，因此不能可靠地預先預測。一個特別的計劃帶來的銷售增長就是一個可以衡量的收益的例子。可衡量的利益可以是財務上的，也可以是非財務上的。
4、Observable benefit: An observable benefit is a benefit which a specific individual or group will decide, using agreed criteria, has been realised or not. Such benefits are usually non-financial. Improved staff morale might be an example of an observable benefit. 是由特定的個人或群體根據(jù)商定的標準決定是否實現(xiàn)的利益。這些福利通常是非財務方面的。提高員工士氣可能是一個明顯好處的例子。
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